{"id":17831,"date":"2019-08-20T08:43:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T14:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=17831"},"modified":"2019-08-20T08:43:21","modified_gmt":"2019-08-20T14:43:21","slug":"que-es-el-machine-learning-y-por-que-es-importante-para-la-inteligencia-artificial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/machine-learning\/que-es-el-machine-learning-y-por-que-es-importante-para-la-inteligencia-artificial\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Machine Learning y por qu\u00e9 es importante para la inteligencia artificial?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>El Machine Learning es una rama espec\u00edfica de las ciencias de la computaci\u00f3n y la Inteligencia Artificial donde se crean sistemas capaces de aprender autom\u00e1ticamente.<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span>Esta rama empez\u00f3 su estudio y desarrollo alrededor de los a\u00f1os 80 y hoy d\u00eda est\u00e1 bastante desarrollada. Por esta misma raz\u00f3n, tanto las Inteligencias Artificiales como el Machine Learning es usado en muchos \u00e1mbitos tanto cient\u00edficos como cotidianos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>En esta rama, las IAs est\u00e1n conformadas por uno o varios algoritmos capaces procesar grandes cantidades de datos y aprender en consecuencia. Las dos ideas clave sobre la que orbita este tema son:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8211; El sistema debe ser capaz de analizar datos y construir habilidades que no ten\u00eda en su nacimiento.<br \/>\n<\/span><span>&#8211; La Inteligencia debe ser capaz de hacer los trabajos de forma aut\u00f3noma, es decir, sin supervisi\u00f3n humana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>En el mundo real tenemos ejemplos pr\u00e1cticos como la clasificaci\u00f3n de spam en correos electr\u00f3nicos, las recomendaciones relacionadas en Amazon o las predicciones de futuro usando datos de empresas. Este \u00faltimo es un apartado interesante por la que cada vez m\u00e1s compa\u00f1\u00edas est\u00e1n apostando.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Usando el Machine Learning podemos ver qu\u00e9 patrones identifican a clientes insatisfechos o exclientes para intentar mejorar la relaci\u00f3n con otros usuarios en su mismo estado.\u00a0Se estudia la antig\u00fcedad, n\u00famero de quejas, planes contratados y dem\u00e1s para crear ciertos perfiles.\u00a0Una vez obtenidas las conclusiones de la IA, un grupo de expertos en marketing pueden crear una campa\u00f1a espec\u00edfica para combatir esos problemas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As\u00ed, la empresa puede crear planes para atraer o mantener clientes en base a ciertas presuposiciones y se pasa de una estrategia reactiva a una proactiva. Es una t\u00e1ctica muy interesante que usa Inteligencias Artificiales, grandes cantidades de datos y el Machine Learning.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se entrenan las Inteligencias Artificiales?<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span>Para que una Inteligencia Artificial est\u00e9 preparada tiene que pasar por diferentes fases:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>1- Primero pasa por un entorno controlado. Aqu\u00ed se le introducen una gran cantidad de datos y sus respectivos resultados con los que podr\u00e1 crear relaciones entre ideas. A esta parte se le llama Aprendizaje Supervisado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>2- Luego, se le pone en un entorno libre y sin respuestas donde la misma IA tendr\u00e1 que seleccionar un resultado. Al conocer si sus respuestas son acertadas o no, crea nuevas reglas en su algoritmo. A esta etapa se le llama Aprendizaje no Supervisado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>3- Por \u00faltimo, se le prepara un entorno donde se le entrenan las habilidades que flaquea. Si por ejemplo le cuesta diferenciar im\u00e1genes con baja luminosidad, quiz\u00e1s se le entrena con fotos nocturnas. Esta fase se llama Aprendizaje de Refuerzo. El proceso se puede desde el paso 2 tantas veces como se quiera afinar a la Inteligencia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Un ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico ser\u00eda ense\u00f1arle a una IA diez millones de fotos y decirle en cu\u00e1les hay perros y cu\u00e1les no. Aqu\u00ed relacionar\u00e1 que los perros suelen tener pelaje, suelen ir en cuatro patas y hay diferentes formas y tama\u00f1os seg\u00fan la raza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Despu\u00e9s, se le da un mill\u00f3n de fotos para que las clasifique. Aqu\u00ed deber\u00e1 responder si hay un perro o no en la foto y seg\u00fan si acierta o no crear\u00e1 nuevas \u2018ideas\u2019 en su base de datos. Para implementar estos nuevos datos, la Inteligencia establecer\u00e1 nuevas reglas en su algoritmo y ahora, por ejemplo, ser\u00e1 capaz de diferenciar perros de gatos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Por \u00faltimo,\u00a0se estudia su eficiencia y se le preparan nuevas fotos para entrenar sus puntos d\u00e9biles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Desde luego, este es un sistema sencillo y muy repetido para la demostraci\u00f3n, pero existen otros m\u00e9todos m\u00e1s experimentales y peculiares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fuente:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>IProfesional. (2019, 19 agosto). \u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Machine Learning y por qu\u00e9 es importante para la IA? Recuperado 20 agosto, 2019, de https:\/\/www.iproup.com\/innovacion\/6760-tecnologia-inventos-tecnologicos-productos-innovadores-Que-es-el-Machine-Learning-y-por-que-es-importante-para-la-IA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El Machine Learning es una rama espec\u00edfica de las ciencias de la computaci\u00f3n y la Inteligencia Artificial donde se crean sistemas capaces de aprender autom\u00e1ticamente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[409],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-machine-learning"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Machine Learning y por qu\u00e9 es importante para la 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