{"id":21856,"date":"2021-03-16T13:07:52","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T19:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=21856"},"modified":"2021-03-16T13:09:54","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T19:09:54","slug":"puede-el-gas-natural-formar-parte-de-un-futuro-con-bajas-emisiones-de-carbono","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/energias-alternas\/puede-el-gas-natural-formar-parte-de-un-futuro-con-bajas-emisiones-de-carbono\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPuede el gas natural formar parte de un futuro con bajas emisiones de carbono?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">I<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> A mediados de la d\u00e9cada de 2010 se hizo com\u00fan decir que el gas natural ser\u00eda un combustible puente hacia un futuro sin carbono, en el que la energ\u00eda solar, e\u00f3lica y otras tecnolog\u00edas renovables proporcionar toda nuestra energ\u00eda sin ninguna emisi\u00f3n de di\u00f3xido de carbono que empeore el cambio clim\u00e1tico.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero si el gas natural es realmente un puente, entonces no es parte del plan a largo plazo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y si realmente construimos el puente, es probable que nos quedemos en \u00e9l.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El consumo de gas natural en los EE. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">UU. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ha aumentado en un tercio en los \u00faltimos 15 a\u00f1os.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El gas representa el 32 por ciento del consumo total de energ\u00eda y ahora es la mayor fuente de electricidad a nivel nacional, desplazando en gran medida a las centrales el\u00e9ctricas de carb\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El gas natural, principalmente el metano, se quema mucho m\u00e1s limpio que el carb\u00f3n y proporciona un respaldo listo para los parques e\u00f3licos y solares variables.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Eso suena prometedor, excepto que la quema de gas natural todav\u00eda genera CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El metano en pozos y tuber\u00edas puede filtrarse a la atm\u00f3sfera, amplificando el calentamiento global.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y una vez que cierra la \u00faltima planta de carb\u00f3n, las plantas de gas natural se utilizan en las fuentes de electricidad m\u00e1s sucias.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Para reducir las emisiones\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">de\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0, la sociedad debe descarbonizar sus sistemas energ\u00e9ticos lo m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido posible.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La construcci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s parques e\u00f3licos y solares es relativamente econ\u00f3mica y r\u00e1pida, y acelera el cierre de las plantas de carb\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero la explotaci\u00f3n de las mejores ubicaciones, las llanuras azotadas por el viento y los desiertos soleados, requiere una red de transmisi\u00f3n muy ampliada para llevar los electrones a las principales ciudades y complejos industriales.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Esos cables y postes presentan riesgos de tormentas de viento, inundaciones e incendios, todos en aumento debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico, y un municipio tras otro combate habitualmente los planos de expansi\u00f3n: &#8220;No en mi patio trasero&#8221;.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"aside-banner aside-banner__article-bottom dfp-article-ad\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><figcaption class=\"aside-banner__label\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La infraestructura de gas natural, casi toda subterr\u00e1nea, es mucho menos propensa a sufrir interrupciones.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Estados Unidos tiene cerca de tres millones de millas de gasoductos que pasan por debajo de casi todas las ciudades importantes de los 48 estados contiguos.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Despu\u00e9s de agregar todos los compresores, tanques y cavernas de almacenamiento, la infraestructura vale varios billones de d\u00f3lares.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Las centrales el\u00e9ctricas en s\u00ed agregan cientos de miles de millones de d\u00f3lares m\u00e1s.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los casi 70 millones de hogares que reciben gas natural tienen hornos, calentadores de agua y estufas por valor de al menos otros $ 100 mil millones.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Multiplique toda esa inversi\u00f3n hundida por aproximadamente cinco para todo el mundo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El gas tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 m\u00e1s entrelazado que cualquier otra fuente de energ\u00eda con otros sectores de la sociedad: transporte, edificios (para calefacci\u00f3n y cocina) e industria (para calefacci\u00f3n y como materia prima para productos qu\u00edmicos), lo que dificulta su reemplazo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cambiar esa infraestructura antes de que termine su vida \u00fatil natural tambi\u00e9n implicar\u00eda p\u00e9rdidas financieras para los propietarios actuales, que se opondr\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La tecnolog\u00eda de reemplazo podr\u00eda costarle a los contribuyentes, a los contribuyentes ya los propietarios de viviendas, quienes tambi\u00e9n se opondr\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y m\u00e1s electricidad no resuelve f\u00e1cilmente la necesidad de combustibles l\u00edquidos quemados en camiones, barcos y aviones o de calor intenso en fundiciones industriales, destiler\u00edas y refiner\u00edas que producen vol\u00famenes de metales, cemento, vidrio, combustible para aviones y productos qu\u00edmicos.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La densidad de energ\u00eda de los combustibles l\u00edquidos es dif\u00edcil de igualar.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Si podemos eliminar las emisiones del sistema de gas natural, podr\u00eda ser parte de un futuro neutro en carbono en lugar de un puente.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La tecnolog\u00eda existe para extraer el carbono o transformar el gas de modo que el carbono salga y el carbono se equilibre a cero o cerca de cero.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"article-media\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-responsive-image=\"responsive-image\">\n<div class=\"article-media__object \"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb31_d.png\" media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb31_m.png\" media=\"(max-width: 767px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb31_d.png\" alt=\"El diagrama muestra el desglose de las fuentes de energ\u00eda, la producci\u00f3n de electricidad y los consumidores de energ\u00eda en los EE.  UU.  En 2019.\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"t_caption\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00e9dito: Datalands y Jen Christiansen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El primer paso en un plan integral para descarbonizar la infraestructura energ\u00e9tica de la naci\u00f3n ser\u00eda mejorar la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica y la conservaci\u00f3n para reducir el consumo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La segunda ser\u00eda electrificar tantos coches, calefactores, calentadores de agua y estufas como sea pr\u00e1ctico, utilizando fuentes renovables.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Al mismo tiempo, reforzar la infraestructura de gas con fugas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y reemplace tanto gas natural como sea posible con alternativas bajas en carbono como biog\u00e1s, hidr\u00f3geno y metano sintetizado o use un proceso llamado pir\u00f3lisis al final de las tuber\u00edas de gas natural para sacar el carbono.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los partidarios de la energ\u00eda limpia se preocupan, con raz\u00f3n, de que cualquier inversi\u00f3n en infraestructura de gas cree un efecto de bloqueo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cada nueva planta de energ\u00eda, tuber\u00eda o unidad de almacenamiento de gas tiene una vida \u00fatil de 25 a 80 a\u00f1os, por lo que cada elemento podr\u00eda convertirse en una trampa para m\u00e1s emisiones o en un activo inmovilizado.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero podemos resolver el problema del bloqueo con alternativas de suministro directo al gas natural: gases con bajo contenido de carbono que pueden fluir a trav\u00e9s de tuber\u00edas, tanques y centrales el\u00e9ctricas existentes, aprovechando esos billones de d\u00f3lares en activos.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"aside-banner aside-banner__article-bottom dfp-article-ad\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><figcaption class=\"aside-banner__label\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">GAS SIN CARBONO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El sustituto directo m\u00e1s listo para el gas natural es el biometano, gas metano producido a partir de fuentes biol\u00f3gicas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los microbios dentro de grandes tambores llamados digestores anaer\u00f3bicos mastican materia org\u00e1nica como desechos de cultivos, esti\u00e9rcol, aguas residuales y desechos de alimentos y otra basura en los vertederos, produciendo metano.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los biodigestores, que ya son una tecnolog\u00eda madura, transforman los flujos de desechos en los vertederos y las lagunas de desechos adyacentes a las operaciones concentradas de alimentaci\u00f3n animal de los pasivos ambientales en productos valiosos, generando ingresos para los municipios y los agricultores.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El biometano est\u00e1 trabajando en Austin, Texas. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Waste Management, que opera uno de los vertederos de la ciudad, recolecta biometano de 128 pozos en su sitio y lo quema para generar suficiente electricidad para 4,000 a 6,000 hogares.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y una de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la ciudad tiene ocho biodigestores, cada uno con dos millones de galones de capacidad;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">los microbios hacen las aguas residuales en biog\u00e1s que alimenta a los generadores de electricidad en el lugar.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El proceso crea un subproducto s\u00f3lido Dillo Dirt, que se siente llamado y huele como un abono grumoso.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Un contratista de la ciudad lo vende por bolsa en las tiendas de la zona para enriquecer el suelo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Aproximadamente una cuarta parte de los m\u00e1s de 2.000 vertederos de EE. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">UU. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ahora recolectan su gas o procesan sus desechos en biog\u00e1s utilizando biodigestores.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, eso solo compensa menos del 1 por ciento del uso total de gas natural del pa\u00eds.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El biog\u00e1s puede servir como un sustituto directo del gas natural, pero el volumen relativo, globalmente, es bajo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Si una granja, vertedero o planta de aguas residuales no puede usar el gas para generar electricidad o no est\u00e1 al lado de una red de gas, es posible que sea necesario licuar el biometano y transportarlo en cami\u00f3n a otra ubicaci\u00f3n, lo que reduce la rentabilidad del carbono.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A\u00fan as\u00ed, el biometano es una tecnolog\u00eda comercialmente lista que puede comenzar a descarbonizar parte del sistema de gas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">HIDR\u00d3GENO EN LUGAR DE METANO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El gas natural se puede reemplazar por completo con hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Las turbinas pueden quemar hidr\u00f3geno para generar electricidad para la red, y los motores de combusti\u00f3n interna pueden quemarlo en veh\u00edculos pesados.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El hidr\u00f3geno de las pilas de combustible puede producir electricidad para autom\u00f3viles, hogares u oficinas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y el hidr\u00f3geno es un bloque de construcci\u00f3n listo para muchos productos qu\u00edmicos b\u00e1sicos.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Quemarlo o reaccionarlo en pilas de combustible no produce CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El hidr\u00f3geno filtrado tiene un efecto de calentamiento que es solo una fracci\u00f3n del metano.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El hidr\u00f3geno natural se filtra del suelo desde las cuencas en muchos cratones de la tierra: grandes bloques de roca antigua que forman las partes centrales de los continentes.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los cient\u00edficos se han encontrado con estas filtraciones durante m\u00e1s de un siglo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, las compa\u00f1\u00edas de petr\u00f3leo y gas han considerado al hidr\u00f3geno como una molestia cuando lo encuentran junto a dep\u00f3sitos subterr\u00e1neos porque puede incendiarse y degradar las tuber\u00edas de metal.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero hoy, investigadores corporativos y universitarios est\u00e1n perforando pozos de prueba de hidr\u00f3geno y lanzando programas de varios a\u00f1os para buscar hidr\u00f3geno bajo tierra.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La anticipaci\u00f3n se siente similar a lo que surgi\u00f3 durante los primeros d\u00edas de la fracturaci\u00f3n hidr\u00e1ulica: existe un gran recurso, si los ingenieros pueden descubrir c\u00f3mo aprovecharlo de manera econ\u00f3mica y segura.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"aside-banner aside-banner__article-bottom dfp-article-ad\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><figcaption class=\"aside-banner__label\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tambi\u00e9n podemos fabricar hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">En este momento, la mayor parte del hidr\u00f3geno para la industria se produce a partir de la reconformaci\u00f3n del metano con vapor, agregando calor y agua caliente al metano para crear hidr\u00f3geno y CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La electr\u00f3lisis, que utiliza electricidad para dividir el agua en hidr\u00f3geno y ox\u00edgeno, tambi\u00e9n puede crear gas hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, ambos procesos requieren cantidades importantes de energ\u00eda.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"article-media\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-responsive-image=\"responsive-image\">\n<div class=\"article-media__object \"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb32_d.png\" media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb32_m.png\" media=\"(max-width: 767px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb32_d.png\" alt=\"El diagrama muestra la primera de cuatro estrategias para descargar el sistema de gas natural: reemplazar el gas con biometano.\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"t_caption\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00e9dito: Datalands y Jen Christiansen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"article-media\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-responsive-image=\"responsive-image\">\n<div class=\"article-media__object \"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb33_d.png\" media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb33_m.png\" media=\"(max-width: 767px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb33_d.png\" alt=\"El diagrama muestra 3 formas de abordar una segunda estrategia para descargar el sistema de gas: reemplazar el metano con hidr\u00f3geno.\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"t_caption\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00e9dito: Datalands y Jen Christiansen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Mover y almacenar hidr\u00f3geno gaseoso tambi\u00e9n es un desaf\u00edo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Debido a la baja densidad del hidr\u00f3geno, se necesita mucha energ\u00eda para moverlo a trav\u00e9s de una tuber\u00eda en comparaci\u00f3n con gases m\u00e1s densos como el metano o l\u00edquidos como el petr\u00f3leo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Despu\u00e9s de varios cientos de kil\u00f3metros, la ineficiencia hace que mover hidr\u00f3geno sea m\u00e1s caro que el valor de la energ\u00eda que transporta.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y el hidr\u00f3geno puede debilitar las tuber\u00edas de acero a menos que se mitigue alterando las condiciones operativas o incorporando aleaciones costosas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Una forma de integraci\u00f3n de hidr\u00f3geno es mezclarlo con metano en un gasoducto de gas natural existente.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Esta mezcla descarboniza parte del sistema al desplazar una parte del gas natural con hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los experimentos en el Reino Unido y Francia muestran que una mezcla de 80 por ciento de metano y 20 por ciento de hidr\u00f3geno se puede mover de manera eficiente en un gasoducto de gas natural.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Como parte de un estudio desde mediados de 2018 hasta marzo de 2020, Dunkerque, Francia, utiliz\u00f3 una mezcla 80-20 para alimentar 100 hogares y una caldera de hospital sin ning\u00fan equipo nuevo a lo largo de la tuber\u00eda o en los edificios.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Es posible que los accesorios dentro de hornos y estufas, como las puntas de los quemadores, necesiten ser modificados o reemplazados por mezclas con m\u00e1s del 20 por ciento de hidr\u00f3geno porque, como el hidr\u00f3geno puro, el gas mezclado se quema a diferentes temperaturas y velocidades .\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Otra consideraci\u00f3n es que debido a la baja densidad energ\u00e9tica del hidr\u00f3geno, una mezcla del 20 por ciento en volumen proporciona un 14 por ciento menos de energ\u00eda por pie c\u00fabico que el gas natural.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Una forma de evitar ciertos desaf\u00edos de costos y seguridad es canalizar el hidr\u00f3geno como parte de otra forma qu\u00edmica que sabemos c\u00f3mo manejar, como el amon\u00edaco, que tiene un \u00e1tomo de nitr\u00f3geno y tres \u00e1tomos de hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Las mol\u00e9culas que incluyen \u00e1tomos de hidr\u00f3geno se conocen como portadores de hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El hidr\u00f3geno se convierte, donde se encuentra o se produce, en el portador, que se deja caer en las componentes existentes y se usa en esa forma o se convierte nuevamente en hidr\u00f3geno en el destino.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"aside-banner aside-banner__article-bottom dfp-article-ad\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><figcaption class=\"aside-banner__label\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los veh\u00edculos comunes como el amon\u00edaco, el \u00e1cido f\u00f3rmico y el metanol son l\u00edquidos en condiciones cercanas a las ambientales, lo que los hace m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de transportar que el hidr\u00f3geno gaseoso.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Aunque el amon\u00edaco es c\u00e1ustico, ya se transporta en todo el mundo como ingrediente fertilizante y se puede quemar sin producir CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El metano podr\u00eda ser la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s eficiente porque lleva cuatro \u00e1tomos de hidr\u00f3geno por cada \u00e1tomo de carbono y ya es compatible con tuber\u00edas, compresores, tanques, turbinas y aparatos existentes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los proyectos de demostraci\u00f3n est\u00e1n creciendo r\u00e1pidamente en n\u00famero.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El constructor industrial finland\u00e9s W\u00e4rtsil\u00e4 est\u00e1 construyendo un nuevo barco para 2023 llamado Viking Energy que funcionar\u00e1 con amon\u00edaco con pilas de combustible, evitando las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y otros contaminantes que plagan el sector mar\u00edtimo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Air France y el aeropuerto Charles De Gaulle de Par\u00eds est\u00e1n muy interesados \u200b\u200ben el hidr\u00f3geno como forma de descarbonizar la aviaci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, los portadores de hidr\u00f3geno a\u00fan se encuentran en las primeras etapas de la investigaci\u00f3n, por lo que es dif\u00edcil decir qu\u00e9 tan exitosos podr\u00edan ser.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Las plantas de energ\u00eda que queman hidr\u00f3geno tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n en la mesa de dibujo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">En Delta, Utah, la planta de energ\u00eda Intermountain, una de las plantas de carb\u00f3n m\u00e1s grandes de Estados Unidos, env\u00eda electricidad a cientos de millas a Los \u00c1ngeles.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Para cumplir con el requisito a largo plazo de la ciudad de energ\u00eda renovable y baja en carbono, en 2025 los propietarios de plantas reemplazar\u00e1n las calderas de carb\u00f3n con turbinas que puedan quemar hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Comenzar\u00e1n con una mezcla de 30 por ciento de hidr\u00f3geno en gas natural y luego pasar\u00e1n a 100 por ciento de hidr\u00f3geno.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El hidr\u00f3geno se generar\u00e1 all\u00ed mismo mediante electr\u00f3lisis impulsada por energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica y solar y se almacenar\u00e1 en m\u00e1s de 100 cavernas de sal subterr\u00e1neas existentes, cada una del tama\u00f1o del Empire State Building.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">FIN DE LA TUBER\u00cdA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">En el lugar de descarbonizar el gas natural antes de que ingrese a la tuber\u00eda, podr\u00edamos eliminar el carbono al final de la tuber\u00eda, donde los clientes consumen el gas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El metano, por ejemplo, se puede dividir en la ubicaci\u00f3n del usuario en hidr\u00f3geno y carbono s\u00f3lido, que parece un polvo fino y negro.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El proceso, llamado pir\u00f3lisis de metano, es eficiente y elimina las\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">emisiones de\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cada kilogramo de hidr\u00f3geno producido a partir de metano pirolizado genera tres kilogramos de carbono s\u00f3lido en el lugar de nueve kilogramos de\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">gas\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0que se emitir\u00eda si se quemara el metano.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La pila de polvo de carb\u00f3n que se acumula dentro de un colector en un horno o estufa ser\u00eda transportada cada mes aproximadamente.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ya pagamos a los transportistas de basura ya las plantas de procesamiento de aguas residuales municipales para que limpien nuestros desechos s\u00f3lidos y l\u00edquidos;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">tambi\u00e9n deber\u00edamos pagar para limpiar los desechos de nuestro uso de gas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, las pilas de carbono tienen valor porque pueden venderse como ingrediente b\u00e1sico para la fabricaci\u00f3n de grafito, caucho, revestimientos, bater\u00edas y productos qu\u00edmicos, as\u00ed como como enmienda del suelo para la agricultura.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"aside-banner aside-banner__article-bottom dfp-article-ad\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"dfp-right2-article-5\" class=\"dfp-article\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"aside-banner__label\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ANUNCIO PUBLICITARIO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"article-media\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-responsive-image=\"responsive-image\">\n<div class=\"article-media__object \"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb34_d.png\" media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb34_m.png\" media=\"(max-width: 767px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb34_d.png\" alt=\"El diagrama muestra una tercera estrategia para descargar el sistema de gas natural: transportar hidr\u00f3geno en otras formas qu\u00edmicas.\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"t_caption\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00e9dito: Datalands y Jen Christiansen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"article-media\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-responsive-image=\"responsive-image\">\n<div class=\"article-media__object \"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb35_d.png\" media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb35_m.png\" media=\"(max-width: 767px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/assets\/Image\/2021\/saw0421Webb35_d.png\" alt=\"El diagrama muestra una cuarta estrategia para descargar el sistema de gas natural: extraer carbono en las ubicaciones de los consumidores.\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"t_caption\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00e9dito: Datalands y Jen Christiansen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Aunque los ingenieros han estudiado la pir\u00f3lisis de metano durante d\u00e9cadas, la han implementado solo en peque\u00f1os proyectos de demostraci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Es necesario cambiar algunos equipos al final de la tuber\u00eda para separar el carbono, pero no ser\u00eda necesario construir costosas tuber\u00edas de hidr\u00f3geno, lo que simplifica enormemente las cosas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La pir\u00f3lisis del gas natural convencional puede llevar a cabo un cabo todo el sistema a casi cero carbono.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Agregar metano de biodigestores o de CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0en la atm\u00f3sfera usando electricidad renovable podr\u00eda hacer que el sistema sea negativo en carbono.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Imaginar cualquiera de estos futuros descarbonizados podr\u00eda evocar visiones de grandes nuevos complejos industriales o millones de peque\u00f1os cambios de equipos para los consumidores.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero tambi\u00e9n lo hacen otras propuestas para frenar las emisiones.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Electrificar cada calentador, estufa y veh\u00edculo requiere un reemplazo tecnol\u00f3gico generalizado.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los aviones para extraer directamente el CO\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0del aire requieren millones de grandes m\u00e1quinas para capturar el gas y secuestrarlo, empresas en expansi\u00f3n que tambi\u00e9n demandar\u00edan mucha tierra nueva y nueva electricidad.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">El gas descarbonizado nos permitir\u00e1 aprovechar los billones de d\u00f3lares en tuber\u00edas, equipos y electrodom\u00e9sticos existentes, ahorrando enormes sumas de dinero y a\u00f1os de tiempo en la creaci\u00f3n de un sistema de energ\u00eda sin carbono.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Por supuesto, deber\u00edamos que arreglar la infraestructura con fugas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Las fugas se pueden minimizar reemplazando equipos neum\u00e1ticos con dispositivos el\u00e9ctricos en los pozos, mejorando la automatizaci\u00f3n de las inspecciones de tuber\u00eda y tanques con sensores en drones y robots, y redactando regulaciones que ya no hagan la vista gorda ante las fugas, adem\u00e1s de ventilar o quemar deliberadamente gas no deseado.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Este trabajo crear\u00eda puestos de trabajo para los trabajadores de las industrias del petr\u00f3leo y el gas y limpiar\u00eda la infraestructura energ\u00e9tica, lo que a su vez podr\u00eda reducir la contaminaci\u00f3n en las comunidades cercanas a las instalaciones de energ\u00eda.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Controlar el cambio clim\u00e1tico requiere muchas soluciones.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Declarar qui\u00e9n no puede formar parte de ellos, como las empresas de gas natural, solo genera resistencia al progreso.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Debido a que el gas descarbonizado complementariamente la electricidad renovable y debido a que podr\u00eda ser un camino m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido, m\u00e1s barato y m\u00e1s efectivo para las partes de la sociedad que son dif\u00edciles de electrificar, no debemos descartar el gas como una opci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tenemos una enorme infraestructura de gas y tenemos que averiguar qu\u00e9 hacer con ella.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ser\u00eda lento, costoso e incre\u00edblemente dif\u00edcil, pero podr\u00edamos ponerlo a trabajar para crear un futuro con bajas emisiones Eliminar de carbono.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Fuente:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Webber, ME y Webber, ME (2021, 16 de marzo). <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00bfPuede el gas natural formar parte de un futuro con bajas emisiones de carbono? <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Recuperado 16 de marzo de 2021, de https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/can-natural-gas-be-part-of-a-low-carbon-future\/?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=72b4a0d6-71e4-4983 -ae52-a924983566d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I A mediados de la d\u00e9cada de 2010 se hizo com\u00fan decir que el gas natural ser\u00eda un combustible puente hacia un futuro sin carbono, en el que la energ\u00eda solar, e\u00f3lica y otras tecnolog\u00edas renovables proporcionar toda nuestra energ\u00eda sin ninguna emisi\u00f3n de di\u00f3xido de carbono que empeore el cambio clim\u00e1tico.\u00a0Pero si el gas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energias-alternas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfPuede el gas natural formar parte de un futuro con bajas emisiones de carbono? - Observatorio Tecnol\u00f3gico de Hidalgo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/energias-alternas\/puede-el-gas-natural-formar-parte-de-un-futuro-con-bajas-emisiones-de-carbono\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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