{"id":22410,"date":"2021-04-28T11:48:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T17:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=22410"},"modified":"2021-04-28T11:48:21","modified_gmt":"2021-04-28T17:48:21","slug":"diez-codigos-informaticos-que-han-transformado-la-ciencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/machine-learning\/diez-codigos-informaticos-que-han-transformado-la-ciencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Diez c\u00f3digos inform\u00e1ticos que han transformado la ciencia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">n 2019, los investigadores del Telescopio del Horizonte de Sucesos (EHT, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) nos permitieron vislumbrar por primera vez el\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investigacionyciencia.es\/noticias\/la-primera-imagen-de-un-agujero-negro-17396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">verdadero aspecto<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0de un agujero negro. <\/span><\/span><!--more--><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pero aquella c\u00e9lebre imagen que mostraba un anillo de luz brillante no era una fotograf\u00eda tradicional. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Era el resultado de un c\u00e1lculo: una transformaci\u00f3n matem\u00e1tica de los datos obtenidos por radiotelescopios de Estados Unidos, M\u00e9xico, Chile, Espa\u00f1a y el Polo Sur. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Junto con los art\u00edculos que documentaban sus hallazgos, los investigadores publicaron el c\u00f3digo inform\u00e1tico que el empleado para que la comunidad cient\u00edfica pudiera ver \u2014y aprovechar\u2014 lo que se logr\u00f3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Esa historia se repite cada vez m\u00e1s. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Desde la astronom\u00eda hasta la zoolog\u00eda, tras todos los grandes resultados cient\u00edficos de la era moderna hay un ordenador. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Michael Levitt, bi\u00f3logo computacional de Stanford que en 2013 comparti\u00f3 el premio Nobel de qu\u00edmica por sus estrategias computacionales para modelizar estructuras qu\u00edmicas, subraya que los port\u00e1tiles actuales tienen unas 10.000 veces m\u00e1s memoria y frecuencia de reloj que el ordenador construido en un laboratorio que \u00e9l usaba en 1967, cuando comenz\u00f3 el trabajo que le report\u00f3 el galard\u00f3n. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00abHoy tenemos a nuestra disposici\u00f3n una capacidad computacional asombrosa\u00bb, se\u00f1ala. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00abEl problema es que a\u00fan hay que pensar.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Es aqu\u00ed donde entra en escena el cient\u00edfico-programador. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Una computadora potente no sirve para nada sin un programa capaz de abordar preguntas interesantes y sin investigadores que sepan escribirlo y usarlo. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00abLa investigaci\u00f3n actual est\u00e1 \u00edntimamente ligada a la programaci\u00f3n\u00bb, destaca Neil Chue Hong, director del Instituto de Sostenibilidad del Software, una organizaci\u00f3n con sede en Edimburgo dedicada a mejorar el desarrollo y el uso de las aplicaciones inform\u00e1ticas en ciencia. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00abEst\u00e1 presente en todos los aspectos de un estudio.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"relatedArticlesBlock block small smallTitle keep-upper no-separation\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Como es l\u00f3gico, son los descubrimientos cient\u00edficos los que acaparan la atenci\u00f3n medi\u00e1tica. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, para entender de veras c\u00f3mo funciona la ciencia moderna, merece la pena echar un vistazo entre bastidores y analizar los principales c\u00f3digos inform\u00e1ticos que han transformado la investigaci\u00f3n en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Aunque una lista de este tipo nunca puede estar completa, las l\u00edneas que siguen mostradas una selecci\u00f3n de diez herramientas inform\u00e1ticas que, seg\u00fan las decenas de cient\u00edficos consultados para este art\u00edculo, han cambiado para siempre la investigaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Fortran (1957): Lenguaje pionero<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Los primeros ordenadores modernos no eran f\u00e1ciles de usar. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">La programaci\u00f3n se hac\u00eda literalmente a mano, conectando bancos de circuitos con cables. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">M\u00e1s adelante, el lenguaje m\u00e1quina y el ensamblador permitieron que los usuarios empleasen c\u00f3digo para programar las computadoras. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sin embargo, ambos segu\u00edan requiriendo un conocimiento profundo de la arquitectura del ordenador, lo que los dejaba fuera del alcance de muchos cient\u00edficos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Eso cambi\u00f3 en los a\u00f1os cincuenta con la aparici\u00f3n de los lenguajes simb\u00f3licos; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">en particular, con el lenguaje de \u00abtraducci\u00f3n de f\u00f3rmulas\u00bb, o Fortran, desarrollado por John Backus y su equipo en el laboratorio de IBM de San Jos\u00e9, California.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Fuente:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Diez c\u00f3digos inform\u00e1ticos que han transformado la ciencia. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(sf). <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Recuperado 28 de abril de 2021, de https:\/\/www.investigacionyciencia.es\/revistas\/investigacion-y-ciencia\/el-arte-de-la-transformacin-832\/diez-cdigos-informticos-que-han-transformado- la-ciencia-19796<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>n 2019, los investigadores del Telescopio del Horizonte de Sucesos (EHT, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) nos permitieron vislumbrar por primera vez el\u00a0 verdadero aspecto \u00a0de un agujero negro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[409],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-machine-learning"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Diez c\u00f3digos inform\u00e1ticos que han transformado la ciencia - 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