{"id":22457,"date":"2021-04-29T14:03:06","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T20:03:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=22457"},"modified":"2021-04-29T14:09:21","modified_gmt":"2021-04-29T20:09:21","slug":"la-retina-interpreta-la-luz-para-informar-al-cerebro-como-es-el-mundo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/ciencia\/la-retina-interpreta-la-luz-para-informar-al-cerebro-como-es-el-mundo\/","title":{"rendered":"La retina interpreta la luz para informar al cerebro c\u00f3mo es el mundo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Investigadores de la Universidad de Ginebra (UNIGE) y de otras instituciones suizas han descubierto en un reciente estudio un punto importante en el sistema de percepci\u00f3n visual: la forma geom\u00e9trica de la luz incide en la respuesta de la retina al mismo tiempo que la intensidad lum\u00ednica recibida. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>El proceso puede modelarse interviniendo sobre los pulsos de l\u00e1ser iniciales, que suceden en cuesti\u00f3n de femtosegundos.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Durante la primera etapa del proceso de visi\u00f3n, que es la percepci\u00f3n de la luz en s\u00ed misma, la forma de los est\u00edmulos lum\u00ednicos que recibe la retina condiciona el resto de los mecanismos m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la intensidad de la luz. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>De acuerdo a un\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>comunicado<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> , la forma geom\u00e9trica que adopta la luz tambi\u00e9n tiene un impacto en la se\u00f1al enviada al cerebro para formar una imagen.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hasta ahora se pensaba que esa fase inicial de la percepci\u00f3n visual estaba dominada exclusivamente por la intensidad de la luz recibida y que la forma no era trascendente. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>La investigaci\u00f3n suiza, publicada en la revista Science Advances, cambia el enfoque en cuanto a este tema. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Vale destacar que el descubrimiento puede abrir un nuevo campo de investigaci\u00f3n en el estudio de las enfermedades oculares.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En un abrir y cerrar de ojos<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Seg\u00fan explican los especialistas, la primera etapa de la visi\u00f3n se centra en los cambios que ocurren en la retina cuando la misma entra en contacto con la luz. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Al alterar su forma, la retina inicia un complejo proceso que culminar\u00e1 en un impulso nervioso generado en el nervio \u00f3ptico. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>De esta manera, entre el momento en que el ojo percibe la luz y el cerebro la decodifica tienen lugar distintos fen\u00f3menos que inciden sobre el resultado final del proceso.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para entender m\u00e1s sobre este mecanismo que determina la\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>visi\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> , los cient\u00edficos buscaron confirmar el tiempo que tardaba la retina en reaccionar frente a los impulsos lum\u00ednicos. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>En el marco de un experimento, apreciaron que en cuesti\u00f3n de 50 femtosegundos la retina ya se modifica frente a est\u00edmulos con pulsos de l\u00e1ser. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Esta medida de tiempo es extremadamente r\u00e1pida que escapa del entendimiento humano: un segundo contiene mil billones de femtosegundos.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Posteriormente, al realizar estudios de la retina en ratones, los cient\u00edficos lograron comprobar que junto a la incre\u00edble velocidad de este proceso ocurri\u00f3 otro fen\u00f3meno particular: la forma geom\u00e9trica de la luz modificaba las reacciones iniciales de la retina. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Lo verificaron enviando la misma energ\u00eda como est\u00edmulo, pero variando la configuraci\u00f3n de la luz. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Frente el mismo n\u00famero de fotones, aunque cambiando la forma del pulso de luz, la respuesta era diferente.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Forma y color<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Luego de comprobar estos cambios generados por la forma geom\u00e9trica de la luz, tambi\u00e9n pudieron constatar que el ojo no reaccionaba de la misma manera ante la presentaci\u00f3n de los distintos colores. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>En concreto, su ordenamiento en el tiempo modificaba las respuestas de la retina: el impacto variaba en funci\u00f3n de la tonalidad inicial en una cadena secuencial de colores, por ejemplo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En resumen, los especialistas creen que la retina \u00abentiende\u00bb que hay m\u00e1s o menos luz dependiendo de su forma y de los colores recibidos, aunque la intensidad y energ\u00eda lum\u00ednica sea similar. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>A partir de esta percepci\u00f3n, \u00abinforma\u00bb al cerebro y se generan las im\u00e1genes visuales a trav\u00e9s de las cuales apreciamos la realidad del mundo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Teniendo en cuenta que este proceso puede regular a trav\u00e9s de la forma que se otorgue a los pulsos de l\u00e1ser recibidos por la retina, los cient\u00edficos destacaron que podr\u00eda dar lugar a un nuevo enfoque en el tratamiento de diferentes patolog\u00edas oculares, entre otras aplicaciones.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Referencia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

El modelado ultrarr\u00e1pido del pulso modula el brillo visual percibido en los animales vivos<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> . <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Jean-Pierre Wolf y col. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Avances cient\u00edficos (2021) DOI: https: \/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abe1911<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Foto:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Imagen ilustrativa de los pulsos de l\u00e1ser que llegan al ojo en femtosegundos. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Cr\u00e9dito: Scientify \/ UNIGE \/ Xavier Ravinet.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadores de la Universidad de Ginebra (UNIGE) y de otras instituciones suizas han descubierto en un reciente estudio un punto importante en el sistema de percepci\u00f3n visual: la forma geom\u00e9trica de la luz incide en la respuesta de la retina al mismo tiempo que la intensidad lum\u00ednica recibida. El proceso puede modelarse interviniendo sobre los […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia"],"yoast_head":"\nLa retina interpreta la luz para informar al cerebro c\u00f3mo es el mundo - Observatorio Tecnol\u00f3gico de Hidalgo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/ciencia\/la-retina-interpreta-la-luz-para-informar-al-cerebro-como-es-el-mundo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La retina interpreta la luz para informar al cerebro c\u00f3mo es el mundo - Observatorio Tecnol\u00f3gico de Hidalgo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadores de la Universidad de Ginebra (UNIGE) y de otras instituciones suizas han descubierto en un reciente estudio un punto importante en el sistema de percepci\u00f3n visual: la forma geom\u00e9trica de la luz incide en la respuesta de la retina al mismo tiempo que la intensidad lum\u00ednica recibida. 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