{"id":2664,"date":"2016-06-22T16:02:48","date_gmt":"2016-06-22T22:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=2664"},"modified":"2016-06-22T16:02:48","modified_gmt":"2016-06-22T22:02:48","slug":"plastico-diesel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/biotecnologia\/plastico-diesel\/","title":{"rendered":"Este m\u00e9todo permite convertir botellas de pl\u00e1stico en di\u00e9sel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un equipo de cient\u00edficos ha logrado convertir botellas de pl\u00e1stico en di\u00e9sel de manera eficiente.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Las cantidades de residuos pl\u00e1sticos que se generan d\u00eda a d\u00eda son una enormidad. Se trata de un problema medioambiental sobre el que entidades internacionales ya han lanzado la voz de alarma. En un informe reciente el Foro de Davos advirti\u00f3 que a este ritmo\u00a0en 2050 habr\u00e1 m\u00e1s pl\u00e1stico que pescado en los oc\u00e9anos. De ah\u00ed que sea necesario encontrar nuevas f\u00f3rmulas para reciclar este tipo de residuo. Una investigaci\u00f3n conjunta entre la Universidad de California y el Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Shangh\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>Los cient\u00edficos de estas dos instituciones han logrado convertir botellas de pl\u00e1stico en di\u00e9sel de una forma m\u00e1s eficiente que los procesos que se hab\u00edan probado hasta ahora. El problema del pl\u00e1stico es que\u00a0se compone de polietileno, un material muy estable\u00a0debido a que los \u00e1tomos est\u00e1n unidos por enlaces simples.<\/p>\n<p>Esta s\u00f3lida estructura solo se puede romper con condiciones extremas. Normalmente\u00a0se calienta el compuesto hasta 400 grados cent\u00edgrados para romperlo, pero el resultado es una mezcla de gas, cera e hidrocarburos l\u00edquidos poco provechosa.<\/p>\n<p>El proceso\u00a0que han creado los cient\u00edficos de la Universidad de California y del Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Shangh\u00e1i pasa por emplear los catalizadores que se utilizan habitualmente para producir el polietileno. En este caso realizan el proceso inverso.\u00a0Uno de los catalizadores separa el hidr\u00f3geno y el carbono. Los \u00e1tomos de este \u00faltimo elemento se unen mediante enlaces dobles, que el segundo catalizador es capaz de romper, para acto seguido dar entrada al hidr\u00f3geno de nuevo.<\/p>\n<p>De esta forma la combinaci\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos de carbono y de hidr\u00f3geno se reformula y\u00a0en una serie de reacciones qu\u00edmicas se alcanza la estructura de di\u00e9sel\u00a0o de una especie de cera que se puede usar para prop\u00f3sitos industriales.<\/p>\n<p>La eficiencia del proceso est\u00e1 en que\u00a0solo hace falta calentar el polietileno a 175 grados, con lo que se ahorra energ\u00eda y se evita la dispersi\u00f3n de los compuestos resultantes. Aunque lo cierto es que las reacciones se toman su tiempo, con lo que los resultados se obtienen lentamente. Esta es quiz\u00e1 la principal pega del nuevo sistema, que adem\u00e1s tendr\u00e1 que escalarse para que sea verdaderamente efectivo. Y es que el ritmo de producci\u00f3n del pl\u00e1stico \u2013as\u00ed como el de la generaci\u00f3n de residuos derivados de este\u2013 se acelera cada vez m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un equipo de cient\u00edficos ha logrado convertir botellas de pl\u00e1stico en di\u00e9sel de manera eficiente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,358],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotecnologia","category-materiales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Este m\u00e9todo permite convertir botellas de pl\u00e1stico en di\u00e9sel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un equipo de cient\u00edficos ha logrado 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