{"id":28328,"date":"2022-12-07T11:06:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T17:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=28328"},"modified":"2022-12-07T11:07:17","modified_gmt":"2022-12-07T17:07:17","slug":"la-tecnologia-crispr-para-que-sirve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/articulo-otech\/la-tecnologia-crispr-para-que-sirve\/","title":{"rendered":"La Tecnolog\u00eda CRISPR\u00a0 \u00bf Para que sirve?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generalmente cuando se habla de tecnolog\u00eda la mayor\u00eda piensa o se imagina maquinas, fierros, robots, pero con la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), el internet y los asistentes virtuales, tambi\u00e9n considerados como agentes de software, que mediante voz, generalmente de mujer, nos ayudan a automatizar y realizar acciones, nos referimos a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alexa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Amazon, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Siri<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Apple, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cortana <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de Windows, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aura <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de Telef\u00f3nica, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bixby<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Samsung, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irene<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Renfe y <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sara<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Correos, ya el concepto de tecnolog\u00eda ha estado cambiando, en la medida que se ha venido consolidando la digitalizaci\u00f3n y la realidad virtual.\u00a0<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una tendencia tecnol\u00f3gica del siglo XXI es el CRISPR acr\u00f3nimo en Ingl\u00e9s de Clustered Regulary Interespaced short Palindromic Repeats, o sea <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repeticiones Palindr\u00f3micas Cortas Agrupadas y Regularmente Espaciadas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que se producen en el genoma de las especies biol\u00f3gicas, es una regi\u00f3n del ADN (prote\u00edna-\u00e1cido desoxirribonucleico) que act\u00faa como un mecanismo inmunitario.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Francisco Mojica cient\u00edfico de la universidad de Alicante, fue uno de los pioneros en estudiar en 1993 las secuencias del CRISPR, descubriendo que las bacterias tienen su propio sistema inmune, para Jos\u00e9 Miguel Mulet, cient\u00edfico del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular de plantas, la tecnolog\u00eda del CRISPR permite editar el ADN de los organismos biol\u00f3gicos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entre los a\u00f1os de 2012 y 2013 un grupos de cient\u00edficos entre los que se encuentran a Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Carpentier, Evan Eichler y Feng Zhang del Consorcio Internacional Tel\u00f3mero a Tel\u00f3mero (T2T) lograron descifrar el genoma completo bautiz\u00e1ndolo como T2T-CHM13, el genoma completo de un humano, es un texto de 6 mil millones de letras, seg\u00fan investigadores de Stanford Medicine, que utilizaron la tecnolog\u00eda de secuenciaci\u00f3n de ADN ultra r\u00e1pida, junto con el almacenamiento en la nube y la Inteligencia artificial, donde cada letra del genoma es la inicial de un compuesto qu\u00edmico, con diferentes cantidades de carbono, hidr\u00f3geno, nitr\u00f3geno y ox\u00edgeno.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cabe mencionar que una c\u00e9lula tiene 23 pares de cromosomas y 25 mil genes (ADN), el cuerpo humano est\u00e1 formado por 30 billones de c\u00e9lulas, por lo que se puede decir que el manual del funcionamiento de un ser humano, est\u00e1 escrito en cada una de sus c\u00e9lulas. El tener identificado el genoma humano completo, significa un impulso a la investigaci\u00f3n de trastornos gen\u00e9ticos, pudi\u00e9ndose mejorar los diagn\u00f3sticos de las enfermedades.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El jefe mundial de innovaci\u00f3n de Bayer, Kemal Malik extern\u00f3 que hay 230 enfermedades ocasionadas por anomal\u00edas gen\u00e9ticas, mientras que Kevin Doxzen de Singularity Hub describe que existen 7 mil enfermedades raras, que afectan a 300 millones de personas,\u00a0 de estas enfermedades el 80% tienen un componente gen\u00e9tico, Kemal Malik considera que a trav\u00e9s de la tecnolog\u00eda CRISPR se puede reemplazar el ADN err\u00f3neo por ADN bueno, en virtud de que por la comprensi\u00f3n del genoma humano, se puede saber que parte de su estructura gen\u00e9tica es la responsable de la enfermedad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verve Therapeutics, empresa de Massachusetts, ha realizado pruebas con la variante de edici\u00f3n de genes CRISPR-Cas9, utilizando la tecnolog\u00eda de secuenciaci\u00f3n ultra r\u00e1pida, para dar terapia gen\u00e9tica, en casos de ataques card\u00edacos, habiendo salvado ya a dos ni\u00f1os.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El inconveniente de utilizar la secuenciaci\u00f3n ultra r\u00e1pida son sus altos costos,\u00a0 sumando entre los obst\u00e1culos la falta de infraestructura tecnol\u00f3gica, los aspectos pol\u00edticos y los regulatorios, contribuyen a limitar el acceso sobre todo de la poblaci\u00f3n de las naciones mas rezagadas tecnol\u00f3gicamente.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las bondades de la tecnolog\u00eda del CRISPR son numerosas, como la edici\u00f3n de genes de los mosquitos <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anopheles <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">que trasmiten la malaria, los cuales se hicieron resistentes a los pesticidas, pero con la aplicaci\u00f3n de la tecnolog\u00eda CRISPR se remplaz\u00f3 un gen en esos mosquitos, para erradicarlos o bien dejarlos inf\u00e9rtiles, aplicandose los <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">impulsores tecnol\u00f3gicos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, explic\u00f3 Ethan Bier investigador de biolog\u00eda celular de la Universidad de San Diego California.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El primer secreto de la vida es el ADN ubicado en las c\u00e9lulas, el segundo secreto son las prote\u00ednas, como aut\u00e9nticas protagonistas de la materia viva, con la capacidad de cambiar su estructura, propiedad que descubri\u00f3 en 1961 Jacques Monod, premio nobel 1965, \u00e9sta capacidad de transformaci\u00f3n, la llam\u00f3 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alosterismo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que se traduce como <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">otra estuctura<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, he ah\u00ed las bases cient\u00edficas de la Tecnolog\u00eda CRISPR.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/La-Tecnologi\u0301a-CRISPR-\u00bf-Para-que-sirve-_compressed.pdf\">La Tecnologi\u0301a CRISPR \u00bf Para que sirve <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Generalmente cuando se habla de tecnolog\u00eda la mayor\u00eda piensa o se imagina maquinas, fierros, robots, pero con la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), el internet y los asistentes virtuales, tambi\u00e9n considerados como agentes de software, que mediante voz, generalmente de mujer, nos ayudan a automatizar y realizar acciones, nos referimos a Alexa de Amazon, Siri de Apple, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulo-otech"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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