{"id":28869,"date":"2023-08-17T11:50:28","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T17:50:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=28869"},"modified":"2023-08-17T11:50:28","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T17:50:28","slug":"this-psychologist-wants-to-vaccinate-you-against-fake-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/ciencia\/this-psychologist-wants-to-vaccinate-you-against-fake-news\/","title":{"rendered":"This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate You Against Fake News"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margins grid-items-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxaau bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wide-adrail\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--item grid-layout__content\">\n<div class=\"BodyWrapper-kufPGa jcsZmt body body__container article__body\" data-journey-hook=\"client-content\" data-testid=\"BodyWrapper\">\n<div class=\"body__inner-container\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For Sander van der Linden, misinformation is personal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As a child in the Netherlands, the University of Cambridge social psychologist discovered that almost all of his mother\u2019s family had been executed by the Nazis during the Second World War. He became absorbed by the question of how so many people came to support the ideas of someone like Adolf Hitler, and how they might be taught to resist such influence.<!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">While studying psychology at graduate school in the mid-2010s, van der Linden came across the work of American researcher William McGuire. In the 1960s, stories of brainwashed prisoners-of-war during the Korean War had captured the zeitgeist, and McGuire developed a theory of how such indoctrination might be prevented. He wondered whether exposing soldiers to a weaker form of propaganda might have equipped them to fight off a full attack once they\u2019d been captured. In the same way that army drills prepared them for combat, a pre-exposure to an attack on their beliefs could have prepared them against mind control. It would work, McGuire argued, as a cognitive immunizing agent against propaganda\u2014a vaccine against brainwashing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Traditional vaccines protect us by feeding us a weaker dose of pathogen, enabling our bodies\u2019 immune defenses to take note of its appearance so we\u2019re better equipped to fight the real thing when we encounter it. A psychological vaccine works much the same way: Give the brain a weakened hit of a misinformation-shaped virus, and the next time it encounters it in fully-fledged form, its \u201cmental antibodies\u201d remember it and can launch a defense.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Van der Linden wanted to build on McGuire\u2019s theories and test the idea of psychological inoculation in the real world. His first study looked at how to combat climate change misinformation. At the time, a bogus petition was circulating on Facebook claiming there wasn\u2019t enough scientific evidence to conclude that global warming was human-made, and boasting the signatures of 30,000 American scientists (on closer inspection, fake signatories included Geri Halliwell and the cast of\u00a0<em>M*A*S*H<\/em>).<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Van der Linden and his team took a group of participants and warned them that there were politically motivated actors trying to deceive them\u2014the phony petition in this case. Then they gave them a detailed takedown of the claims of the petition; they pointed out, for example, Geri Halliwell\u2019s appearance on the list. When the participants were later exposed to the petition, van der Linden and his group found that people knew not to believe it.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-content-ad\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidcontent\" data-event-boundary=\"click\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;pattern&quot;:&quot;StickyMidContent&quot;}\" data-in-view=\"{&quot;pattern&quot;:&quot;StickyMidContent&quot;}\" data-include-experiments=\"true\">\n<div class=\"AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-content should-hold-space\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The approach hinges on the idea that by the time we\u2019ve been exposed to misinformation, it\u2019s too late for debunking and fact-checking to have any meaningful effect, so you have to prepare people in advance\u2014what van der Linden calls \u201cprebunking.\u201d An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margins grid-items-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxaau bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wide-adrail\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--item grid-layout__content\">\n<div class=\"BodyWrapper-kufPGa jcsZmt body body__container article__body\" data-journey-hook=\"client-content\" data-testid=\"BodyWrapper\">\n<div class=\"body__inner-container\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When he published the findings in 2016, van der Linden hadn\u2019t anticipated that his work would be landing in the era of Donald Trump\u2019s election, fake news, and post-truth; attention on his research from the media and governments exploded. Everyone wanted to know, how do you scale this up?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Van der Linden worked with game developers to create an online choose-your-own-adventure game called\u00a0<em>Bad News<\/em>, where players can try their hand at writing and spreading misinformation. Much like a broadly protective vaccine, if you show people the tactics used to spread fake news, it fortifies their inbuilt bullshit detectors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">But social media companies were still hesitant to get on board; correcting misinformation and being the arbiters of truth is not part of their core business model. Then people in China started getting sick with a mysterious flulike illness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The coronavirus pandemic propelled the threat of misinformation to dizzying new heights. Van der Linden began working with the British government and bodies like the World Health Organization and the United Nations to create a more streamlined version of the game specifically revolving around Covid, which they called\u00a0<em>GoViral!<\/em>\u00a0They created more versions, including one for the 2020 US presidential election, and another to prevent extremist recruitment in the Middle East. Slowly, Silicon Valley came around.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A collaboration with Google has resulted in a campaign on YouTube in which the platform plays clips in the ad section before the video starts, warning viewers about misinformation tropes like scapegoating and false dichotomies and drawing examples from\u00a0<em>Family Guy<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Star Wars<\/em>. A\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.abo6254\">study<\/a>\u00a0with 20,000 participants found that people who viewed the ads were better able to spot manipulation tactics; the feature is now being rolled out to hundreds of millions of people in Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Van der Linden understands that working with social media companies, who have historically been reluctant to censor disinformation, is a double-edged sword. But, at the same time, they\u2019re the de facto guardians of the online flow of information, he says, \u201cand so if we\u2019re going to scale the solution, we need their cooperation.\u201d (A downside is that they often work in unpredictable ways. Elon Musk fired the entire team who was working on pre-bunking at Twitter when he became CEO, for instance.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This year, van der Linden wrote a book on his research, titled\u00a0<em>Foolproof: Why We Fall for Misinformation and How to Build Immunity<\/em>. Ultimately, he hopes this isn\u2019t a tool that stays under the thumb of third-party companies; his dream is for people to inoculate one another. It could go like this: You see a false narrative gaining traction on social media, you then warn your parents or your neighbor about it, and they\u2019ll be pre-bunked when they encounter it. \u201cThis should be a tool that\u2019s for the people, by the people,\u201d van der Linden says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>This article first appeared in the September\/October 2023 edition of WIRED UK.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For Sander van der Linden, misinformation is personal. As a child in the Netherlands, the University of Cambridge social psychologist discovered that almost all of his mother\u2019s family had been executed by the Nazis during the Second World War. He became absorbed by the question of how so many people came to support the ideas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate You Against Fake News - Observatorio Tecnol\u00f3gico de Hidalgo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/ciencia\/this-psychologist-wants-to-vaccinate-you-against-fake-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"This Psychologist Wants To Vaccinate You Against Fake News - Observatorio Tecnol\u00f3gico de Hidalgo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For Sander van der Linden, misinformation is personal. 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