{"id":3421,"date":"2016-10-06T15:59:03","date_gmt":"2016-10-06T21:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/?p=3421"},"modified":"2016-10-06T15:59:03","modified_gmt":"2016-10-06T21:59:03","slug":"las-maquinas-mas-pequenas-del-mundo-ganan-el-nobel-de-quimica-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otech.uaeh.edu.mx\/noti\/robt\/las-maquinas-mas-pequenas-del-mundo-ganan-el-nobel-de-quimica-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"Las m\u00e1quinas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as del mundo ganan el Nobel de Qu\u00edmica 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La Real Academia de las Ciencias de Suecia ha concedido el premio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica al franc\u00e9s Jean-Pierre Sauvage, al brit\u00e1nico Fraser Stoddart y al holand\u00e9s Bernard Feringa por &#8220;dise\u00f1ar y producir m\u00e1quinas moleculares&#8221;.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores han desarrollado mol\u00e9culas con movimientos controlables, que pueden llevar a cabo tareas cuando se les proporciona energ\u00eda. El trabajo de los tres &#8220;demuestra c\u00f3mo la miniaturizaci\u00f3n de la tecnolog\u00eda puede conducir a una revoluci\u00f3n&#8221;, seg\u00fan ha indicado la Academia en un comunicado. &#8220;Los galardonados con el\u00a0Nobel de Qu\u00edmica de 2016\u00a0han miniaturizado m\u00e1quinas y han llevado la qu\u00edmica a una nueva dimensi\u00f3n&#8221;, celebra la nota.<\/p>\n<p>Jean-Pierre Sauvage (Par\u00eds, 1944), profesor de la\u00a0Universidad de Estrasburgo, fue el pionero en 1983, cuando enlaz\u00f3 dos mol\u00e9culas con forma de anillo formando una cadena, denominada catenano. Normalmente, las mol\u00e9culas se unen con enlaces covalentes en los que los \u00e1tomos comparten electrones, pero en el catenano de Sauvage estaban entrelazadas mec\u00e1nicamente. La Academia subraya que una m\u00e1quina debe estar compuesta por partes que se puedan mover las unas respecto a las otras. El catenano cumpl\u00eda este requisito.<\/p>\n<p>El segundo paso, contin\u00faa el comunicado oficial, lo dio Fraser Stoddart, profesor de laUniversidad Northwestern\u00a0(EE.UU.), en 1991, al desarrollar un rotaxano, una arquitectura molecular similar a un anillo atrapado en el interior de una mancuerna de gimnasio. El investigador, nacido en 1942 en Edimburgo, demostr\u00f3 que el anillo se pod\u00eda mover por ese min\u00fasculo eje molecular con topes. A partir del rotaxano, Soddart desarroll\u00f3 &#8220;m\u00fasculos moleculares&#8221; y &#8220;chips inform\u00e1ticos basados en mol\u00e9culas&#8221;, seg\u00fan la Academia.<\/p>\n<p>El holand\u00e9s Bernard Feringa (Barger-Compascuum, 1951), de la\u00a0Universidad de Groninga, fue el primero que construy\u00f3 un motor molecular, prosigue la nota. En 1999, logr\u00f3 una pala de rotor molecular que giraba continuamente en la misma direcci\u00f3n, cuando los cient\u00edficos aportaban luz ultravioleta. &#8220;Utilizando motores moleculares, ha rotado cilindros de vidrio que son 10.000 veces m\u00e1s grandes que el motor y tambi\u00e9n ha dise\u00f1ado un nanocoche&#8221;, detalla la Academia. Este nanocoche, fabricado en 2011 por el equipo de Feringa, consiste en cuatro ruedas formadas por mol\u00e9culas que giran, unidas a una especie de chasis molecular.<\/p>\n<p>El trabajo de Sauvage, Stoddart y Feringa, premiado con los 850.000 euros del Nobel, ha demostrado que es posible crear m\u00e1quinas 1.000 veces m\u00e1s finas que el grosor de un cabello. &#8220;No me pod\u00eda creer que funcionara&#8221;, ha recordado Feringa. Las aplicaciones son inimaginables, seg\u00fan ha se\u00f1alado el propio investigador holand\u00e9s en la ceremonia. &#8220;Me siento como los hermanos Wright cuando volaron por primera vez hace un siglo y la gente les preguntaba que para qu\u00e9 se necesitaba una m\u00e1quina voladora&#8221;, ha declarado Feringa. &#8220;Piensa en robots diminutos que los m\u00e9dicos del futuro inyecten en tus venas para que vayan a buscar c\u00e9lulas cancerosas&#8221;, ha puesto como ejemplo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manuel Ansede<\/p>\n<p>Octubre<\/p>\n<p>2016<\/p>\n<p>Fuente:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/\"> Madrid+d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Real Academia de las Ciencias de Suecia ha concedido el premio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica al franc\u00e9s Jean-Pierre Sauvage, al brit\u00e1nico Fraser Stoddart y al holand\u00e9s Bernard Feringa por &#8220;dise\u00f1ar y producir m\u00e1quinas moleculares&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[362],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-robt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Las m\u00e1quinas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as del mundo ganan el Nobel de Qu\u00edmica 2016<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Real Academia de las Ciencias de Suecia ha concedido el premio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica al franc\u00e9s Jean-Pierre Sauvage, al brit\u00e1nico Fraser Stoddart y al holand\u00e9s Bernard Feringa por &quot;dise\u00f1ar y producir m\u00e1quinas moleculares&quot;.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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